判断定语从句中先行词的方法如下:
一、先行词的定义
先行词是定语从句中被修饰的名词或代词。例如:
例句:The book which I am reading is very interesting.
先行词:
the book(被定语从句which修饰)
二、判断方法
位置分析法
先行词位于定语从句之前,而定语从句紧跟其后。例如:
- 正常语序:I will never forget the day whenI first went to school.
- 从句调整后:I will never forget the day thatwas very special to me.
通过调整语序可更清晰地看出先行词(day)在从句中作主语。
成分分析法
先行词在定语从句中需充当成分(如主语、宾语、定语等)。例如:
- that引导的从句:
- The singer thatsang the song is my friend.
- who引导的从句:
- The student whopassed the exam is on my list.
通过分析从句缺少的成分可确定先行词。
语义关联法
先行词与定语从句在语义上存在关联。例如:
- 时间先行词:
- The movie whenit was released was a hit.
- 地点先行词:
- The city whereI was born is beautiful.
通过语义关联可辅助判断。
三、注意事项
关系代词与关系副词的区分
- 人:who, whom, that
- 物:which, that
- 时间/地点/原因:when, where, why
例如:
- The book whichI borrowed is interesting.
- The reason whythe meeting was delayed is unknown.
特殊先行词
- 不定代词(如all, everything)可作先行词,需结合语境判断;
- 当先行词被the only, the very等限定时,通常指代单数名词。
分隔定语从句
在不引起歧义的情况下,定语从句可与其先行词分开。例如:
- The man who lives next dooris my neighbor.
这里通过调整语序将定语从句与先行词分隔。
通过以上方法,可系统判断定语从句中的先行词,并正确选择关系词。