英语时态的归纳需要结合时间状语和动词形式,以下是八种常用时态的完整归纳:
一、一般现在时
结构:
- 谓语动词为原形(I/you/they)或第三人称单数形式(he/she/it is/was)
- 时间状语:always, usually, often, sometimes, every day/week/month等
用法:
- 表示习惯性、规律性动作或客观事实,如:
- I usually wake up at 7 AM.
- The sun rises in the east.
二、一般过去时
结构:
- 谓语动词为过去式(如walked, ate)或过去分词(如have been)
- 时间状语:yesterday, last night, the day before yesterday, last week等
用法:
- 表示过去某个具体时间发生的动作,如:
- I finished my homework last night.
- They visited Paris in 2019.
三、现在进行时
结构:
- 谓语动词为“be动词(am/is/are)+现在分词(-ing)”
- 时间状语:now, right now, at the moment等
用法:
- 表示现阶段正在进行的动作,如:
- She is reading a book right now.
- We are planning a trip next month.
四、过去进行时
结构:
- 谓语动词为“be动词(was/were)+现在分词(-ing)”
- 时间状语:when从句(如when you called)、过去某段时间(如last summer)
用法:
- 表示过去某个时间点或时间段正在进行的动作,如:
- I was studying when the phone rang.
- They were dancing at the party last night.
五、现在完成时
结构:
- 谓语动词为“have/has+过去分词”
- 时间状语:already(已)、just(刚)、since从句(如since 2018)
用法:
- 表示过去动作对现在的影响或持续状态,如:
- I have finished my project already.
- She has lived in London for five years.
六、过去完成时
结构:
- 谓语动词为“had+过去分词”
- 时间状语:before从句(如before you arrived)、过去某时间点(如last night)
用法:
- 表示在过去某一时间点之前已完成的动作,如:
- By the time you called, I had already left.
- He had finished his homework when we met.
七、一般将来时
结构:
- 谓语动词为“will+动词原形”或“be going to+动词原形”
- 时间状语:tomorrow、this weekend、in the future等
用法:
- 表示将来某个时间要发生的动作,如:
- I will call you tomorrow.
- They are going to travel to Japan next year.
八、过去将来时
结构:
- 谓语动词为“would+动词原形”或“was/were going to+动词原形”
- 时间状语:in the past(如last year)、过去某个时间点(如when I was young)