在定语从句中,当先行词为物时,关系代词的选择需根据语境和语法要求决定,具体规则如下:
一、主要关系代词
that
可以指代物,在定语从句中可作主语或宾语,且通常可以省略。
- 例:
- The book thatI borrowed from the library is fascinating.
- The elephant thatis standing over there is very gentle.
which
专指物,在定语从句中可作主语或宾语,通常不可省略。
- 例:
- The movie whichwe watched last night was amazing.
- The house whichis painted red is mine.
二、特殊说明
that与which的互换性
在定语从句中,当先行词为物且关系代词作主语或宾语时, that和 which可互换使用。 但需注意:
当先行词被 序数词、最高级或被 the only/second only等限定时, that为首选。 - 若关系代词在从句中作 表语,则必须使用 that。 - 例:
- The onlybook on the shelf is mine.
- The tallest tree in the park is that
三、其他注意事项
that的额外用法
当先行词为不定代词(如all, none, everything等)时, that是唯一选择。 例:
- None of the students thatpassed the exam received a prize.
省略规则
关系代词作宾语时通常可省略,但 that作主语时不可省略。 例:
- The woman whocalled you last night is my friend.
- The book whichyou gave me is interesting.
通过以上规则,可灵活选择关系代词,确保定语从句语法正确且表达清晰。