that在定语从句中主要充当以下成分:
一、主语
当that引导定语从句时,可作主语,指代人或物。例如:
The book thatI borrowed from the library is very interesting.
二、宾语
that可作动词或介词的宾语,且当关系词作宾语时可省略。例如:
The movie thatyou recommended last night was fantastic.
The problem thatwe faced was solved quickly.
三、表语
当先行词为单数名词且被be动词(如is, was)修饰时,that可作表语(此时不可用who或which)。例如:
The man thatis standing there is my friend.
四、关系副词(特殊用法)
在极少数情况下,that可作关系副词(如where, when, why),但这种情况较为罕见且需注意省略规则。例如:
The day thatthe meeting started was very productive.
注意事项
省略规则:
当关系代词作宾语时,通常可以省略(如:The book which he gave me is wonderful. 可省略为 The book is wonderful.)
先行词限制:
that作主语时,先行词既可以是人也可以是物;作表语时,先行词必须为单数名词且被be动词修饰
与which的区别:
which只能引导非限制性定语从句,而that可引导限制性及非限制性定语从句
通过以上分析,that在定语从句中的功能较为灵活,需根据具体语境判断其成分及作用。