that引导的从句主要有以下两种类型,需根据具体语法功能进行区分:
一、that引导名词性从句
主语从句 例如:
> It is that the meeting started late.
*解释*:that在从句中无实际意义,仅起连接作用,且不可省略。
宾语从句
- 可省略情况: 当that引导的宾语从句作动词(如hear, think, know等)的直接宾语,且从句结构完整时,that可省略。例如: > I heard that he joined the army. *扩展*:若需强调或避免歧义,that不可省略。 - 不可省略情况
> The problem is that we don't have enough time.
*扩展*:此结构中that作形式主语,真正主语为that从句。
表语从句 例如:
> The truth is that we need to hurry.
*解释*:that在从句中无实际意义,仅起连接作用,且不可省略。
同位语从句
例如:
> The news that he won the game is true.
*解释*:that在从句中无实际意义,仅起连接作用,且不可省略。
二、that引导定语从句
限定性定语从句
例如:
> The book that I borrowed from the library is interesting.
*特点*:that可指代物或人,在从句中作主语或宾语,且通常可省略(如:
> The book I borrowed is interesting.)。
非限制性定语从句
例如:
> The man, that is, Tom, called you last night.
*特点*:that指代前面提到的人,且通常不省略。
三、其他用法
结果状语从句: 由that引导,表示“结果、后果”,例如: > The letter arrived, and that surprised everyone. *扩展*:that从句可置于句首、句中或句尾。 总结 that引导的从句需根据其所在句式判断类型: 名词性从句
定语从句:that可指代物或人,作主语或宾语时可省略,指代人时不可省略。通过分析从句的功能和结构,可准确判断that的用法。