定语从句后面是否为完整句子,需根据引导词类型和句子结构综合判断,具体规则如下:
一、关系代词引导的定语从句
当先行词被关系代词(如that、which、who、whom、whose)引导时,定语从句通常为完整句子,且关系代词在从句中作主语或宾语。例如:
完整句子:The book, which was written by Mark Twain, is very popular.(关系代词which作主语,从句结构完整)
错误示例:*The book that write by Mark Twain is very popular.*(关系代词that后缺少谓语动词)
二、关系副词引导的定语从句
当先行词被关系副词(如when、where、why)引导时,定语从句可能为完整句子,但需注意:
1. 先行词需为表示时间、地点、原因的名词;
2. 从句中关系副词作状语,不担任主语或宾语。
例如:
完整句子:The meeting was held in New York, where we discussed the project.(关系副词where作地点状语,从句结构完整)
错误示例:*The meeting was held in New York, which we discussed the project.*(关系副词where后缺少谓语动词)
三、特殊类型定语从句
分裂定语从句:
当先行词被介词短语(如in the office)隔开时,引导词需用关系代词(如who),且从句结构完整。例如:
*He is the only person in our office who is invited to the meeting.*(先行词person被in the office隔开,who作主语)
省略情况:
若关系代词在从句中作宾语且被先行词或介词短语替代时,可省略。例如:
*Tom likes the book that was written by Mark Twain.*(that作宾语可省略)
四、注意事项
定语从句需与主句存在逻辑关联,且先行词在从句中有所体现;
若从句中成分残缺(如缺少主语或谓语),则需补充完整。
综上,定语从句的完整性取决于引导词类型和句子结构,需结合具体语境判断。